The Struggle is Real: IOC Edition

Amy G.'s Practice IOC of Macbeth

A: Knowledge and Understanding of the Text and Extract

I'd give myself a 7-8 because I feel as though I referenced the historical context of the play as a whole and some of the holistic elements as well as the significance and content of my excerpt.

B:  Understanding of Use and Effects of Literary Features

I'd give myself a 5-6 because although I mentioned a lot of literary features, I feel like they lacked strength in terms of how I utilized textual evidence and the effect.

C: Organization

I'd give myself a 4 because I focused a lot on my organization but I sometimes let my brain wander in connecting thoughts on my paper when I was discussing my analysis out-loud. 

D: Language

I'd give myself a 3 which is mostly because I feel like I wasn't able to show my depth of understanding for the use of language. It's just frustrating because I feel like I try really hard but sometimes that makes me force a (weak) connection between the elements I see and what effects I see. I believe this is brought out in oral assessments as I am unable to look back and edit my lack of clarity.

Never Let Me Go: I judged the book by the cover

The four different Never Let Me Go covers represent the themes expressed in the novel with each highlighting different elements. The first cover on the top left shows a young girl with long hair sitting alone in the midst of little white flowers and greenery. The purpose of this cover is to display a peaceful scene but also a sense of alienation or isolation. This theme is also seen in the cover below with the lone boat tied to the dock in a foggy marsh. Both of these covers display a somber yet intriguing story to the reader for the purpose of highlighting the themes of humanity and alienation in the novel. I believe the covers on the right represent the contrast of the humanity of Kathy H., the narrator and protagonist, and her inhumane purpose of donations. Contrasting the cover with the girl in nature, the boat cover has not yet been physically represented in the book which leads me to believe that the boat is most importantly symbolism of the theme of isolation and alienation while the girl also shows the importance of relationships in the novel.

In fact, in all of the covers other than the boat, I see both the themes and where I feel the picture could relate to the actual content and plot of the novel. For example, although vague at first, the cover in the top right displays a blurred picture of a girl in a blue dress with an orange background. To me, the picture looks as though she is dancing which relates to the time that Kathy H. is seen dancing to her favorite song, Never Let Me Go. I believe the importance of this scene is that it shows the dilemma of children built for one purpose at Hailsham which is similar to the message seen in the first cover. Each child desires to engage with their humanity and interact in the world the same as any human. This cover contrasts with the covers on the right as it is blurry and more vague as to what it could be representing within the many themes of the novel. Finally, the cover in the bottom right is the most explicit with the dilemma at hand in the novel. The penciled outline of the upper body with displayed organs alludes to the donations and that the characters’ bodies are not their own. The purpose of this cover could be to show the audience that something is off about this story and to pick up quickly on the odd wording and phrases such as “carers” and “completion”. Another interesting element that I believe is referenced in the bottom two covers is the inability for the characters to escape their fate with the tied up boat and what looks like barbed wire outlining the exposed body.

Looking Deeper

The first words that come to mind when I see this image are the words: solitude, peace, romance, and loneliness. The girls positioning, surrounding, and long flowing hair make me think of Jane Austen novels and her time period. If I hadn’t read any of this novel I would have assumed the story was about a young girl in the late 18th century growing up as an orphan. I would have assumed that romance was the focus of the story and that perhaps in the midst of the blooming relationship with a local farm boy, the darkness from her family past comes to the surface and threatens the young lovers. Since I have read the novel, I believe this cover is depicting Kathy H. in a state of reflection within a cherished moment of solitude. Although she seems somber and possibly a bit melancholy, her body language is relaxed which adds to the peaceful setting of the vibrant surrounding nature. If Kathy H. is the one being displayed, we seem to be an outsider observing her moment alone. This could allude to the fact that personal escape is difficult to find in this dystopian society. However, another idea that comes to mind is that we could be the “you” that Kathy H. is writing to and referring to throughout the novel. This could then mean that we are a part of the society in some way and maybe even present in this moment that is pictured. This cover implies a Westernized cultural construction because the girl is white with light blonde hair and there is review for The New York Times on the front. I think this cover was most likely created by American publishers to create a relatable image with intrigue as the girl does stand out with her red shirt and light features. The title of the book on a cover like this makes it seem like a historical romance novel which appeals to young nostalgic readers as the teenage girl looks about their age with an air of mystique.

Perhaps I am just a hopeless romantic, but this cover also makes me think of romance. In addition to romance, the other words that come to mind are organs, tragedy, horror, and mystery. The reason romance first came to my mind is that the outline of the body with the title of the novel made me think of a Fault in Our Stars. So, at first I might assume the novel is a tragic love story of terminally ill teenagers. However, upon deeper analysis of the picture I might have seen the outline of the body in barbed wire and the light background of trees and what look like jail cell bars. This would have ultimately led me to believe that the story could be a personal account from a survivor of a concentration camp during World War II (possibly relating to the horrifying events surrounding Josef Mengele in Auschwitz). Knowing that this is not the case, I believe that the outlined body represents the donors as a whole and specifically Kathy H. and her friends from Hailsham. The perspective of the cover seems to of someone seeing the aftermath of the events in the novel. The cover screams urgency as the sketch of the body seems quick and focused on organs rather than detail followed by the title written like a cry for help. The cultural construction of this cover seems to centered around the science fiction side of the novel and for the appeal of the gothic literature culture. This cover seems that would be created by those who see the darker elements of donations and the dystopian setting as more important the relationships and coming of age story. The people that would read this kind of book would be those who are interested in science fiction and dystopian novels.

The Inhumanity of Incomplete Storytelling

“The Danger of a Single Story”
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story

“I've always felt that it is impossible to engage properly with a place or a person without engaging with all of the stories of that place and that person. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.”

-Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie TEDGlobal 2009

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s TED Talk called “The Danger of a Single Story” was truly inspiring and eye-opening as it addressed modern literature, culture, and humanity. Adichie’s main argument was that having a “single story” or one view of a place or a person is a limiting, inhuman way to live because it forms incomplete, flattened understanding. She opened with her childhood of reading Western literature and how it affected the way she understood literature. When she discovered African literature, she was freed from having a single story of what books were supposed to be. She learned that characters did not have to be foreign, but could in fact be about girls like her with “skin the color of chocolate.” Through her personal encounters as a Nigerian woman going to an American university, she stressed the important part of storytelling as being able to see both the good and the bad; the differences and similarities. In this, she discussed how Americans view Africa as a continent full of conflict, poverty, and starvation. While there are many problems such as these in Nigeria and other African nations, Adichie beckoned that there is also beauty and wonderful people doing amazing things that are glossed over in single stories. In the realm of storytelling, she discussed the role of power and how it affects how and when stories are told. Adichie claimed, “Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.” When stories are told in singularity, stereotypes are not necessarily formed out of wrong information, but incomplete information. Adiche wrapped up with a call that “stories matter” and a reminder that “Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize.”

    Adichie is very poignant in getting her point across as she is blunt in the shortcomings of American culture without stepping on any toes by also explaining her similar experiences with a single story. From the very beginning, Adichie uses ethos to establish her credibility as an educated storyteller by referencing her childhood growing up on a university campus with highly educated parents. In addition to later attending an American university, she explained how she was reading and writing from a very young age which gave her credibility in terms of her experience with storytelling. She also utilized logos as she provided many examples and personal experiences with the consequences of both being the perpetrator and victim of a single story. Her roommate's idea of African women and her own view of Mexico were potent examples of how single stories deprive both parties of the beauty that could be found through storytelling if all aspects are presented: good and bad, base and beautiful. Finally, Adichie used pathos in her call for people to seek more than a single story as it relates to humanity as a whole. By showing the regained dignity and unity that storytelling can provide, she was able to tap into the emotional desire humans have for community and respect.

    “The Danger of a Single Story” is moving and powerful as it shows how storytelling can connect and empower people rather than divide. I picked this talk because it is honestly one of my favorite TED Talks because it is so real in addressing the tendency of humans to settle for single stories of people and places. I believe this issue is only getting worse as social media surrounds us with the “echo chamber” (as we discussed in TOK) and incomplete information that is taken as truth. I myself have fallen into the grasps of single stories as they are displayed at my fingertips as cheap, quick knowledge. As I reflect on this talk, I desire to stop cheating myself and others by viewing the world in this limited fashion. Storytelling is so important yet lost in our world of 140 characters or less. My minor complaint about modern culture aside, this TED talk really emphasizes how whole stories are beautiful and uniting, while fragments are limiting and dehumanizing. I feel like the concept that is most applicable in this case is the idea of lenses and perspectives. The benefit of the application of different perspectives such as Freudian, historical, gender, etc. in analysis is that it allows us to create a fuller picture that digs deeper into the story and adds dimensions. Perspectives defeat surface level analysis which is similar to the idea of a single story. Single stories are surface level because they do not display the numerous, beautiful dimensions of a people, place, or culture.

The Man Behind the Slyish Cast

The two mysterious characters Jekyll and Hyde carry strange similarities and stark differences. In comparing Enfield’s description of Hyde and the description of Jekyll in chapter three, one similarity is the implication of a darkness within. The description of Hyde is much more straightforward in this as Enfield claims that “he gives a strong feeling of deformity” despite the fact that he cannot point out any physical deformities. This implies that there is a darkness within the character of Hyde that is displeasing to others as they sense something is wrong. In the same way, Jekyll hides something behind a “slyish cast” that is not as easily uncovered beneath his kind and caring demeanor. Additionally, when “young Hyde” is brought up by the lawyer, Jekyll’s face distorts from the previous handsome description to “pale to the very lips” with a “blackness about his eyes”. This again implies the dark connection between the two characters and this description of Jekyll could be seen as his face deforming to reveal the importance of appearance in mirroring the characters thoughts and feelings.

In contrast, Mr. Hyde is described in a vague and fearful manner. Enfield's active voice when describing Hyde consistently brings us back the strange subject of Mr. Hyde’s appearance and how that affects the way Mr. Enfield understands him. While also providing shorter sentences, active voice makes the subject, Mr. Hyde, take responsibility for the action of being deformed and displeasing. This is an interesting way to describe someone because Enfield is very direct about his views of Mr. Hyde rather than merely commenting on how the man seemed to be. Additionally, the description of his appearance remains steady in it’s horrifying nature and Enfield's inability to point out the reason for the horror. However, the voice and idea development of Dr. Jekyll’s character is spoken in a lengthy manner with fluid description. Dr. Jekyll is described in detail as “a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty” as well as a man with “every mark of capacity and kindness.” This contrasts greatly with Hyde’s description of appearance because it implies a kind, honorable man while Hyde’s lack of physical description implies a mysterious figure as it remains the dark unknown. Another contrasting element is that the other characters around Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde have very different responses. It is evident in Mr. Enfield’s characterization of Mr. Hyde that he is fearful of this negative creature and bothered by his inability to directly point out way he received such a negative, deformed feeling from Hyde. While Jekyll’s “slyish cast” is questioned, he is described in a much more positive manner to outsiders as “you could see by his looks that he cherished for Mr. Utterson a sincere and warm affection.” Such deep affection and sincerity is not even hinted at in Mr. Hyde’s personality.

Jekyll I wake to the sunlight I won’t fear to face them I will pleasantly stroll with a smile And hyde what can’t be seen He is within me... A weakness He plucks at my sanity I must rid myself of him Yet

Hyde I emerge in the moonlight I won’t fear to face myself I will freely roam as I am And do as I please He is within me... A weakness He tugs at my freedom I must rid myself of him He won’t.

The purpose of this poem is to show the opposing qualities of the two characters and foreshadow Hyde’s ultimate takeover of the two minds of one body. The intended effect is that the audience will see that ignoring the darker sides of us doesn’t solve the problem but can make them more appealing as something real rather than a societal mask. In a way, one could argue that displaying yourself as perfect was just as prevalent in the Victorian Era as it is now with social media. When nobody sees that you are hurting, nobody will know when you need help; just as Jekyll suffered with Hyde.

Movie Night with Macduff

Macduff’s Recommendation List: Full of feels, honor, heartache, drama, and gore.

Most of these shows can be found on Netflix and Amazon Prime.

“She’s the Man”: For feels, honor, and encouragement.

“She’s the Man” is about a girl who pretends to be her brother to be able to play soccer when the girls soccer team is cut at her school. Macduff recommends this movie because of the way the lead actress breaks gender stereotypes and show the boys what she can do. He identifies with Viola Hastings (Amanda Bynes) when he is told he cannot do something because he is a man but he chooses to stay true to himself. He would also be inspired by the way Viola doesn’t accept her fate from those in charge but sneakily seeks justice undercover as Macduff does against Macbeth. We see Macduff's emotional side in this choice of movie as he approves of the idea of being yourself rather than fulfilling a stereotype. As Viola plays like a girl, Macduff feels like a man.

“Braveheart”: For the angry, emotional days

“Braveheart” is about William Wallace, a Scottish rebel, who leads a revolt against King Edward I of England when an English soldier executes his bride to be. Macduff recommends this movie to all of his friends because it is very similar to his own story and Macduff gets tired of telling it. Macduff empathizes with the tragic hero of William Wallace because he too lost his wife to an evil King. Macduff admires the main character's bravery and honor as he fights for his country and his loved ones. We see here that Macduff values both masculine strength and motivation through emotion and honor. Overall, this is a real tear jerker for Macduff but we see that he appreciates the historical accuracy, relatable characters, and the epic battle scenes. A perfect mix of the feels and masculinity..

“How I Met Your Mother”: A throwback heartache with a light touch

“How I Met Your Mother” is about a father recounting to his children, through a series of flashbacks, the journey he and his four best friends took leading up to him meeting their mother. Macduff used to recommend this tv show because he thought it was a really light and cute way to tell a sweet story like his own love story with his wife, Lady Macduff. However, after her and his family’s assassination, this one is a little harder to go back to because it just isn’t the same. Macduff still enjoys the dynamic characters as he sees a little bit of himself in all of them. There is also a bit of appearance vs. reality at play as the mystery unfolds of who the mother is and just when he thought he knew, he was wrong. Now Macduff especially enjoys the flashbacks because that is how he gets to experience his family since they are all dead. The flashbacks in the show make Macduff feel as though he can relive those wonderful days when he had a family.

“Poldark”: For a little bit of everything

“Poldark” is a fantastic British tv show that follows the life of returned soldier Poldark and his life of rebuilding his family farm and restoring the family name. There is drama when his cousin marries his pre-war lover, romance with a new maid, brotherhood with hardworking pals, and all the excitement in between. Macduff loves this show as he gets to watch the noble Poldark rebuild his honor against high society despite being within it himself. Macduff relates to Poldark in this way as he seeks for what is best for all the people of his country rather than just himself (sadly, this lost Macduff his family but saylavee). Also, Poldark’s position as a man of high society makes him appear that he adheres to their ways when in reality he fights for the rights of the poor and lowly. Poldark is certainly a man of ambition like Macduff when it comes to doing the right thing.

“Grey’s Anatomy”: For overly dramatic feels and a nice night home alone (every night)

“Grey’s Anatomy” is an overly dramatic medical tv show interpretation of the surgical field at Seattle Grace Hospital in Washington. It follows a young surgeon named Meredith Grey and all the overly dramatic things that happen to her and her friends. This is Macduff’s guilty pleasure as he allows his manly emotion to emerge over this show with a bowl of popcorn and box of tissues in hand. This is a show full of blood and emotion with the full intensity that Macduff felt when he brought an end to the tyrant, Macbeth. Also Macduff finds a lot of similarities with the alliances and drama that is built within the hospital to that built within the castle during Macbeth’s reign.

Please comment or email Macduff@dunsinane.com for more information, inquiries, questions, words of encouragement, concerns, thank you notes, friend requests, and the like. He is alone now, after all. R.I.P Lady Macduff and fam.

Freebieee

St. Thomas Becket's Shrine: Medieval-Day Disney World

Here we have a "Pilgrim's Badge of the Shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury" made between 1350 and the 1400s in Canterbury, England. These were most likely made by a Metalworker in Canterbury as a cheap souvenir for pilgrims. This bade was made from cast tin-lead alloy and is sized at 3 1/8 x 2 1/2 x 1/8in. Although, this particular artifact was specific to Canterbury, England as a part of Catholic British culture when St. Thomas Becket was murdered in his own cathedral by Henry VIII's men, pilgrims took these home to their loved ones across Europe. This piece would have represented the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket and be a symbol of faith as people traveled hundreds of miles to pay tribute to a faithful servant of their God. It would have also represented the reverence for devote Catholics because of the beautiful detail of his shrine with jewel-encrusted tomb, baby cathedral arcs, and careful designs. I would compare this to a modern day postcard because it visually displays the sight of the pilgrimage that then pilgrims can bring home to their families to show a small representation of what the famous shrine looked like and serve as a mark that they had been there.

The author here use of color I think is chiefly due to the nature of the artifact as it is a souvenir that needed to be affordable for all travelers, therefore, it takes on the color of the dark metal/ pewter it was formed out of. The nature of this artifact being a badge leads the artist to work on a two-dimensional plane to show depth but within in the setting, there are three-dimensional elements to show the different aspects and details of the shrine. The rectangular shape and depth draw the eye to the center where St. Thomas Becket is represented with the most detail and three-dimensional qualities. This reinforces that the Saint is the center of attention and the reason for the pilgrimage as the ultimate symbol for the faithful. When holding this badge, pilgrims would feel the textured/raised elements such as the jewels and the martyr himself which would reinforce their importance where as the two other figures in the badge are fairly flat and unimportant. The form and shape of the badge enhance the meaning because it draws attention to the important elements where as a similar drawing in may not have been able to without color.

The purpose of this piece is to commemorate the martyrdom of St. Thomas A. Becket and honor the pilgrimage made by the faithful. In the time of the church split, the English people felt very convicted to display their faith and condemn those who thought differently. This badge was not only a religious claim but a social claim of their faith and boldness to pay tribute to a man murdered by their King. The title points out that as a badge, this artifact was like a trophy or medal for pilgrims, especially to those who traveled a long way, to show that they had indeed reached their destination as a faithful Catholic. Looking back on this piece, a modern historian would see that it also shows that such a pilgrimage in this time was not just for personal conviction, but a "great deed" to boast about. The meaning of this piece as a mark of honor and respect loses some of its weight when you see the social role that this souvenir would have played. Realizing that such souvenirs would have been sold at a Saint's shrine shows that pilgrims desired to have evidence that they had been there so people might think more highly of them and recognize them for their devote religious convictions. In addition, the presence of souvenirs at a shrine shows that the common people in England during this time had strong Catholic religious values, as they had enough people come through to sell such items. The value of this art in today's society is huge because it is one of the few visual displays that allows us to see what the shrine was like before it was plundered. Also the badge leads today's society to understand what the importance of the shrine might have been back then by comparing it to modern places that we acquire souvenirs to show our loved ones such as Disney World.

Image Right: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2001.310/
Image Left: My House by Me